The process of identifying an object is closely related to data retrieval. one of the identification methods that provides many benefits is automatic identification. This method is an automatically data retrieval without human involvement. RFID is one of the technologies that uses the automatic identification method in its operation.
In this article we will discuss about RFID technology and its regulatory control in Indonesia.
What is RFID?
RFID stands for radio frequency identification. It is a method of identifying objects using radio frequency waves. The identification process will involve an RFID reader and an transponder called RFID tag.
The RFID tag will be placed on an object that need to be identified and each RFID tag has a unique identification number (ID number). The RFID reader will read the ID number on the RFID tag so that the object can be identified quickly.
How RFID works?
As mentioned earlier, RFID works using radio frequency waves to identify data coming from tags. Data transfer occurs when a tag is brought close to a reader, this process is called coupling.
RFID tag
RFID tag is a device attached to an object to be identified by the reader. The electronic circuit of an RFID tag generally has memory so that the tag can store data.
The amount of information that can be stored by an RFID tag depends on its memory capacity. The more functions an RFID tag can perform, the more complex the circuit is.
Based on its power supply, RFID tags are classified into active and passive tags. Active tag can be read and written (have a battery). Passive tags can only be read (no battery).
RFID reader
RFID reader is a tool for reading the tags. RFID readers will read unique codes and other information stored by an RFID tag. Similar to RFID tags, the readers also have types as active and passive RFID reader.
The difference is the passive reader only receive radio signals from active RFID tag. Meanwhile in active reader, the system transmits interrogator signals to the RFID tag device and receives authentication replies.
RFID frequency bands
RFID working frequency is the frequency band used for wireless communication between RFID readers and tags. The used frequency band of the RFID system will affect the communication distance, interference with other radio system frequencies, communication speed, and antenna size.
Low frequencies are generally used in passive RFID tags. This is because passive tags can not transmit data over relatively long distances. Meanwhile, high frequencies are generally used in active RFID tags with longer communication distances.
Based on the radio frequency, internationally RFID is grouped based on following frequency bands.
- Low frequency 125 kHz – 134 kHz
- High frequency 13.56 MHz
- Ultra high frequency 868 MHz – 956 MHz
- Microwave 2.4 GHz
Implementations of RFID
RFID technology is useful in tracking systems, helping companies manage their supply chains. The benefits of RFID in supply chain activities are by collecting data automatically and accurately, it saves lot time.
The use of RFID for logistics tracking can also be done in real time. It can help to manage product inventory and shipping locations.
RFID is also improving customer experience and efficiency in costs and time. Here are other benefits of implementing RFID technology.
- Optimizing stock management: implementing RFID technology can help companies improve control over warehouse activities through a more accurate stock management system.
- Asset control: implementing RFID technology can help companies manage all assets quickly and accurately.
- Increasing security: RFID technology can also works as a security system through real-time asset tracking.
Regulatory control for RFID in Indonesia
As we have discussed earlier, RFID uses radio frequency waves for its operation. Therefore, devices with RFID features must meet the technical standards in Indonesia through a product certification process called DJID certification.
The DJID certification is required to ensure the security of RFID devices when being used in Indonesia. In addition, ownership of the certificate also proves that the RFID device has complied with applicable legal regulations in Indonesia.
In Indonesia, RFID devices can operate on several radio frequency bands. The technical regulation of KEPMEN KOMINFO No. 260 year 2024 has determined the allowable RFID frequency band and maximum power that can be used in Indonesia. Here are the technical details.
| Frequency band | Output power | Spurious emission | Testing method |
| 16 – 150 kHz | ≤ 66 dBµA/m | EN 300 330 | EN 300 330 |
| 6765 – 6795 kHz | ≤ 42 dBµA/m | EN 300 330 | EN 300 330 |
| 7400 – 8800 kHz | ≤ 9 dBµA/m | EN 300 330 | EN 300 330 |
| 13.553 – 13.567 MHz | ≤ 94 dBµV/m | EN 302 291, EN 300 330 | EN 302 291, EN 300 330 |
| 433 – 434.79 MHz | ≤ 20 dBm | EN 300 220 | EN 300 220 |
| 920 – 923 MHz | ≤ 26 dBm | EN 300 220, EN 302 208 | EN 300 220, EN 302 208 |
| 2.4 – 2.4835 GHz | ≤ 20 dBm | EN 300 440 | EN 300 440 |
The sample requirements for RFID testing will depend on the frequency used. RFID devices that use low frequency bands such as 125KHz or 13.56MHz, the RF testing can be done using normal or radiated samples.
While devices that work on high frequency bands such as 920MHz or 2.4GHz, the RF testing must be carried out using conducted samples (within test mode).
The difference in sample requirements also results in differences of the testing process. RFID testing for low frequency is carried out as radiated testing in a chamber. RFID testing for high frequency is carried out as conducted testing connected to RF/SMA connector.
If you have any question related to DJID certification, please don’t hesitate to contact us by sending enquiry to info@narmadi.com.
